This particular type of headache presents as a pulsating pain on one side of the head, which can be moderate to severe. Physical activity, coughing, or sneezing can aggravate the condition, which may last for hours to approximately 2-3 days.
Migraines typically undergo five phases, though not all phases may be present in all patients:
Phase 1 (Prodrome/ Premonitory). Begins 24 hours prior to the onset of a migraine headache. In this phase, patients may experience food cravings, mood changes, fluid retention or increased urination, and uncontrollable yawning.
Phase 2 (Aura). This phase is characterized by seeing flashing, bright lights or zig-zag lines. Patients at this phase may also experience muscle weakness. This may occur immediately prior to the onset of a migraine.
Phase 3 (Headache). This phase includes a moderate to severe headache that gradually increases in severity.
Phase 4 (Resolution). Refers to the point where the headache either gradually or suddenly stops.
Phase 5 (Recovery/ Postdrome). This is the phase post-headache. Here, patients may feel exhausted, confused, and weak for as long as a day.
Some patients may not experience a headache but have a migraine with symptoms like photophobia (an increased sensitivity to light), hyperacusis (increased sensitivity to noise), hyperosmia (increased sensitivity to smells), nausea, and vomiting.
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