Infection
The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in the first trimester of pregnancy has been linked to late miscarriage on numerous occasions. According to studies, screening women for bacterial vaginosis early in pregnancy and treating them with oral clindamycin reduces the risk of late miscarriage and preterm birth.
Immune dysfunction
A mother who has a immune dysfunction is more likely to have a body which “rejects” the pregnancy. This is due to natural killer cells or lymphocytes, which help to manage trophoblast invasion or the battle between the fetus’ and mother’s survival interests. Natural killer cells are higher in women who experienced recurrent miscarriage.
In early pregnancy, the immunologic processes that occur at the maternal-fetal interface inside the endometrium are exceedingly complicated and include a wide range of immunoregulatory immune cells and substances.
Antiphospholipid syndrome
The most common treatable cause of recurrent miscarriage is antiphospholipid syndrome. It is an immune system condition that increases the risk of blood clots. Complications such as preeclampsia, or high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and intrauterine growth restriction are more common in people with this syndrome.
Endocrine abnormalities
Recurrent miscarriage has been linked to endocrine disturbance. For the past three decades, researchers have looked into the possibility of a link between polycystic ovaries and recurrent miscarriage. Those with PCOS were found to have a higher occurrence of recurrent miscarriage (40%) than women without PCOS.
PCOS and recurrent early miscarriage
PCOS and recurrent early miscarriage have been linked to each other. This is because women with PCOS are three times more likely to experience a miscarriage in the first trimester compared to women without PCOS.
PCOS causes a variety of reproductive difficulties, beginning with anovulatory periods or menstrual cycles in which an egg is not released from the ovaries, resulting in infertility. Women with PCOS have a higher chance of miscarriage after conception (EPL).
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