How are ulcers caused by smoking and alcohol abuse?
Studies have found that smokers are more likely to develop peptic ulcers. This is because smoking triggers the increased production of gastric acid, or the acid found in the stomach.
The stomach has a layer of mucus that prevents acid from deteriorating the stomach lining. Large amounts of gastric acid can wear away at this protective layer, allowing ulcers to form. Similarly, studies show that cigarette smoke reduces the pancreas’ ability to neutralize excess acids in the stomach. As a result, smokers are slow to recover from ulcers.
Another effect of smoking is that it can trigger acid reflux. Whenever a person experiences acid reflux, the acids in the stomach go back up the esophagus. Over time, this can wear away at the esophagus, allowing ulcers to form.
Meanwhile, peptic ulcer disease and alcohol have an interesting connection. This is because small amounts of alcohol can actually prevent peptic ulcers by killing off the H. pylori bacteria before it can infect the gut. However, drinking too much alcohol can increase the acidity of the stomach. Just as with smoking, this can lead to inflammation and the development of peptic ulcers.
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