Written by Mary Rani Cadiz, MD · Obstetrics and Gynecology
First, it is important to define what the vulva is. Many people interchange the words vulva and vagina, however, they are not the same. The vulva is a collective term for the parts of the female genitalia that are seen from the outside. This includes structures such as the mons pubis, labia, and clitoris. On the other hand, the vagina is the inner canal that leads to the uterus. Occasionally, the vulva can become swollen (vulvitis). While most cases are harmless, it may also indicate severe illnesses. Vulvar swelling can either be generalized or present in a specific area.
Generalized swelling is also referred to as edema. Edema occurs when there is excess fluid in the body’s tissues. As a result, the skin becomes red and swollen. Edema may be due to allergic reactions and exposure to irritants. Other times, it may be a symptom of an infection, such as yeast infection. On the other hand, defined areas of vulvar swelling may be caused by cysts or tumors.
In general, vulvar swelling is easily treated. However, you should also look out for signs of infection, especially when the swelling is accompanied by severe pain and discomfort.
The most common symptoms accompanying vulvar swelling are:
Swelling can also be accompanied by symptoms that are less common. These include:
Vulvar swelling is not usually a cause of concern. In most cases, it goes away on its own or is easily treated. However, it may also indicate a serious health condition. Seek medical help when the symptoms become too painful, unbearable, or if it comes back even after treatment. Anyone who experiences a swollen vulva should also look out for signs of infection, such as high fever and fatigue.
Vulvar swelling may have multiple causes. The following are possible causes of vulvar swelling, along with corresponding treatment options:
The vaginal area is a sensitive part of the body. It may react adversely once it comes in contact with certain products, such as personal care items. The chemicals and ingredients contained in these products may trigger an allergic reaction. These may cause the vagina to swell. Unfortunately, irritants and allergens are common ingredients used in products such as:
Wearing tight clothing and ill-fitting undergarments can also cause vulvar swelling. For example, lace underwear can be itchy, thus can irritate the skin. Thongs and G-strings cannot fully cover the labia. This may cause unnecessary friction that leads to swelling.
Treatment: The easiest way to prevent this is to avoid the irritant itself. If you notice an unusual reaction from a new product, stop using it. Opt to use plain water and soap to wash your genitals since scented ones can cause irritation. Moreover, choose clothes or undergarments made from loose fabrics, such as cotton. This will prevent heat moisture from getting trapped in your genitals, leading to infection. It helps to consult with a dermatologist in case the irritant cannot be identified.
Arousal itself causes some swelling (engorgement) of the labia and clitoris due to increased blood flow. This is characteristic of the first (excitement) phase of the sexual response cycle. The swelling to the area goes down to normal during the last (resolution) phase.
While the vagina and surrounding glands release lubrication during the excitement phase, some women may experience vaginal dryness. Lack of lubrication or prolonged intercourse can cause friction, irritation, and even bruising. This makes sexual activity uncomfortable or painful and the vulva may swell.
Treatment: Over-the counter pills or anti-inflammatory drugs can help relieve pain, along with the swelling. Ibuprofen is an example of a pain killer you can buy. To reduce unnecessary friction during intercourse, engage in foreplay more or use lubricant products.
Vulvar swelling may also indicate problems around or within the vagina. This is most likely due to an infection by bacteria or yeast, including:
Treatment: To prevent the further spread of bacteria, it is important to keep the vaginal area clean and dry. You might also want to get checked by a doctor for a more accurate treatment. For cellulitis and bacterial vaginosis, your doctor may recommend antibiotics to speed up recovery. Yeast infections can be treated with antifungal medications. If you suspect that you or your partner has an STI, get tested immediately.
Vulvar swelling is normal during pregnancy. This is due to the added pressure on the pelvis and nearby blood vessels as the fetus grows. As a result, there is fluid retention and swelling.
Treatment: Improve blood circulation by lying down or elevating your feet frequently throughout the day. You may also opt to wear compression clothing to relieve vulvar swelling. If symptoms persist, consult with your doctor about safe medications.
There are many risk factors for vulvar swelling, including:
Vulvar swelling can easily be diagnosed with your symptoms alone. Your doctor will ask for your medical history, as well as sexual habits to help identify possible contributing factors to the swelling. Moreover, there are a couple of tests your doctor may recommend to rule out infections and other health complications. These include:
Treatment for vulvar swelling depends on the cause. If the cause is an infection, your doctor will prescribe antibiotics or antifungal medications. Surgical intervention is necessary for the removal of cysts and lumps.
Apart from these, observing proper hygiene is one of the most effective ways to manage or prevent vaginal infections and vulvar swelling. Frequently, vulvar swelling is due to an irritant. It is best to keep your genitals dry and clean. Avoid scented products that may irritate your skin, including personal care items.
There are also home remedies you can try for a swollen vulva:
If you have any questions, please consult with your doctor to better understand the best solution for you.
In summary, vulvar swelling is not usually a cause of concern. In most cases, it resolves on its own. Maintaining proper hygiene and practicing safe sex are some of the most effective ways to manage or prevent vulvar swelling. However, if swelling is accompanied by abnormal discharge, pain, or bleeding, it would be best to talk to your doctor or gynecologist for treatment.
Learn more about Women’s Health here.
Disclaimer
Hello Health Group does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
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