If you or someone you know suffers from a chronic illness, you’ll know that it is a long-term disease. It can get worse over time, and heavily bring down a person’s quality of life.
These illnesses, including hypertension, cancer, and diabetes, can cause serious health problems and complications. Among these is a weakening of the immune system, our body’s natural defense against harmful pathogens in the environment.
Read on to learn more about how these chronic illnesses affect immunity, and what you can do about it.
Having a chronic illness may be a sign that you have a weakened immune system
Evidence1 shows that immune system function is altered in people who have a chronic illness. This is a serious concern because a weak immune system can cause even more and/or worse complications in people who are already struggling with a chronic disease.
On the other hand, immune dysregulation2, or impairment of the immune system, can lead to certain chronic illnesses. In particular, connections have been found between immunity and chronic diseases such as heart disease, hypertension, cancer, and diabetes.
Heart Disease and hypertension
Cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease and hypertension are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Some studies suggest that there might be a connection between the body’s immune response and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
When the immune system responds to injury or infection, it releases certain types of cells that help fight off infection3. However, this also has the side effect of causing persistent inflammation in the body. This is not usually a cause for concern because as soon as the threat has been dealt with, the body stops sending out those inflammation-causing cells.
The problem is there are certain situations where the immune system continually sends out these cells. One example of this is when there is a buildup of cholesterol in the blood vessels. The immune system detects these crystals and tries to send out immune cells to try and remove the buildup. This can have the side effect of causing inflammation in the blood vessels, which can lead to heart problems4.
Cancer
Cancer cells trigger an immune response in the body, causing the body’s immune system to fight off these cells. However, people who have a weak immune system might then be more prone to cancer5.
While it is still mainly a theory, there is some evidence to support this claim. One study found patients who were taking immunosuppressants, or medication that weakens the immune system, in preparation for organ transplant, to be more prone to developing certain types of cancers.
There is also some evidence to show that HIV, which weakens the immune system, can increase the risk of melanoma as well as basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma.