People often hear about women having breast cancer, ovarian cancer, or even cervical cancer, but not much about endometrial cancer. In the third and final episode of the #HelloHealthHeroes series for World Cancer Day, make-up artist and trainer Geraldine Gayoso Carlos shares her story on how she fought against cancer and endometrial hyperplasia with atypia.
What Is Endometrial Hyperplasia?
Endometrial hyperplasia is a condition in which the endometrium — the layer of cells providing lining for the uterus — grows abnormally. It is classified into four different types:
- Simple endometrial hyperplasia
- Complex endometrial hyperplasia
- Simple endometrial hyperplasia with atypia
- Complex endometrial hyperplasia with atypia
Each of these varies in terms of how abnormal the cells are and how likely the condition is to progress to cancer.
The Connection Between PCOS and Endometrial Hyperplasia
At 18 years old, Geraldine was already diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome, or what people commonly know as PCOS. Since then, she has been going through some treatments like hormonal pills and contraceptive pills to normalize her menstruation. However, she felt indifferent going about it over time as she was experiencing a heavy flow for 21 days every other month. There were also some months when this menstrual flow went beyond 30 days. This pushed her to see an obstetrician.
Through a transvaginal ultrasound, her doctor found out that she had a thick endometrium lining that causes the heavy flow. But her doctor also though the long duration of the flow was odd, so she decided to recommend a D&C procedure. After the procedure revealed the presence of polyps, they followed through with a biopsy. From there, they found out that Geraldine had endometrial hyperplasia with atypia, a type that heightens the risk of developing endometrial cancer.
According to a 2013 study, endometrial cancer is 2.7 times more likely in women who have PCOS. The endometrium’s prolonged exposure to unchallenged estrogen due to anovulation is a major contributor to this increased malignancy risk.