Becoming a parent is a normal human desire, but it is not always easy to have a baby the usual way. Some couples have infertility issues. There are numerous fertility programs that can help couples and individuals in conceiving a child. Among the more well-known approaches are in vitro fertilization (IVF) and artificial insemination (Intrauterine Insemination or IUI). IVF vs artificial insemination – which one is better?
Both have been proven to be successful procedures, but both also come with risks. In this IVF vs artificial insemination primer, we will help you understand both procedures.
IVF vs Artificial Insemination: What is Artificial Insemination?
Artificial insemination is a procedure that places sperm into a woman’s cervix or uterus.
The procedure starts with the fertility doctor assessing the fallopian tubes to check for scarring or endometriosis. This disease makes parts of the female reproductive organs stick to each other. Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tubes, so they must be checked before the procedure to make sure they are in good condition.
The next steps involve stimulating the woman’s ovulation with clomiphene and then monitoring the woman’s ovulation cycle. On the day the ovary releases an ovum, sperm from the partner or donor is collected, washed, then inserted into the woman’s uterus with a catheter.
Does Sperm Quality Affect Outcome?
Artificial insemination requires good quality sperm because even though it will be injected deep into the uterus, the sperm will still need to swim to the egg as with the natural method. For the best quality, sperm needs to be fresh, meaning it should be collected on the same day the sample will be inserted. For those working with donor sperm, frozen sperm can be used. But the thawed sperm must be assessed first for quality. It must be strong enough to swim.
If after three ovulation cycles and pregnancy does not occur, another round of clomiphene, monitoring of ovulation, and artificial insemination will be performed. For the third attempt, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) will be injected to stimulate ovulation. Your doctor may recommend in vitro fertilization if the three attempts are not successful.
What is In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)?
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a type of assisted reproductive technology procedure that involves fertilizing the eggs outside of the body. The embryos will then be transplanted into the uterus.
As with artificial insemination, the woman’s ovulation will first be stimulated with clomiphene and hCG. A day and a half after the hCG is injected, the woman must have her eggs harvested. These eggs are assessed for quality and if they are mature enough for fertilization.
The best quality eggs will be cultured with sperm. For sperm that has problems with motility, are not high-quality, or are too few, fertilization is performed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
Next, if fertilization is successful, the fertility doctor will wait for the embryos to develop to the blastocyst stage. The doctor will select one embryo and will use a catheter and syringe to insert this embryo into the uterus of the woman. After 14 days, a simple pregnancy test will reveal if the embryo has successfully implanted.
The remaining embryos that are not transferred are frozen and stored. In case pregnancy does not occur, these may be used for future cycles. These embryos may also be donated to other couples with fertility issues.
IVF vs Artificial Insemination: Which One is for Me?
Artificial insemination is less expensive than IVF. It is also less invasive and less complicated. This is why it is the procedure that is recommended first.
The doctor will not readily advise artificial insemination right away unless it is deemed necessary. Since fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes, they must be properly functioning.
IVF is recommended when:
- The woman has damaged fallopian tubes, or the fallopian tubes are not intact
- She suffers from endometriosis
- The man has low-quality sperm
