Retinoids
They remove plugs on your pores and can remove existing comedones. One example is Tretinoin, however, this may also make your skin more sensitive to the sun.
A newer version retinoid is Adapalene, which is better tolerated than Tretinoin4. It is a retinoid-like compound, and prevents pimples from forming beneath the skin’s surface5. Adapalene also has potent anti-inflammatory properties compared to tretinoin.
Benzoyl Peroxide
It is effective because it kills acne-causing bacteria. This also helps remove dead skin cells, which may clog up pores, resulting in acne lesions. Side effects of benzoyl peroxide include redness, stinging, and burning, particularly if you have sensitive skin.
Antibiotics
These kill bacteria that may cause inflammation and worsening of acne. These may also be prescribed alongside retinoids. Take note that prolonged use of antibiotics can cause bacterial resistance.
Azelaic acid
This acid has antibacterial properties. It may be used to manage skin discoloration due to acne breakouts.
Combination of Retinoid and Antimicrobial
This combination targets 3 out of the 4 factors of acne namely unplugging of the pores, reducing the amount of acne-producing bacteria, C. acnes, and inflammation. It is the ideal treatment for mild, moderate and severe acne. It also helps improve patient compliance because of its convenient once-daily application.
Fixed-dose combination medications have many advantages because they target multiple pathways by which acne forms, and you only need to apply them once a day, making them convenient for use.
Doctors may also recommend other treatment modes such as chemical peels, drainage of comedones or cysts that helps improve overall treatment outcomes4.
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