Amoebic Meningitis, or also known as Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), is a dangerous brain inflammatory disease. The infection is brought about by a specific type of free- living amoeba called the Naegleria fowleri.
Medically reviewed by Regina Victoria Boyles, MD · Pediatrics
Amoebic Meningitis, or also known as Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), is a dangerous brain inflammatory disease. The infection is brought about by a specific type of free- living amoeba called the Naegleria fowleri.
Naegleria fowleri, a “brain eating amoeba,” develops in warm, stagnant water such as lakes and rivers with temperature at 25°C – 40°C. Swimming pools which are not chlorinated adequately and spas that are not regularly cleaned may also cause the growth of this particular amoeba.
Amoebic meningitis cases are common in children and young adults. The amoeba can enter their central nervous system through the nose when they swim in contaminated water. When it reaches the brain, it causes infections and tissue destruction, leading to death in most cases that show severe symptoms. However, a person cannot get PAM from swallowing infected water.
There are also other types of amoebic meningitis that are caused by different amoebas. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) differs from another known type, granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). GAE is another fatal infection that is caused by the species Balamuthia and Acanthamoeba, which commonly enter through the skin and lungs.
GAE is a type of amebic encephalitis that affects persons who have a weaker immune system or are already in poor condition. It advances more slowly in comparison to PAM.
The initial symptoms of amoebic meningitis cases are somewhat similar to that of bacterial meningitis. Common symptoms typically show 1-9 days after the infection and it includes:
Other signs that may later on be presented are:
Some may also experience signs that involve the nose like lack of smell (or even taste). nasal obstruction and discharge.
A person’s condition progresses rapidly after the onset of these symptoms. It typically leads to death within 3 to 7 days.
Exposure to such areas may lead a person to have the Naegleria infection.
Amoebic meningitis cases are non-communicative. The infection does transfer or spread from one person to another because they may have come in close contact.
Amoebic meningitis cases are actually difficult to diagnose as its early stages of symptoms are not specific enough to consider its possibility. Doctors may ask the patient whether he or she has had exposure to any of the risk factors. However, it may be hard to detect if the amoeba is already present in the body.
A doctor may perform a spinal tap to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (a fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord) and analyze it. Another method of diagnosis would be examining the brain or even the skin through a biopsy in order to rule other possible causes of brain infection.
Specialized laboratories may offer other techniques and processes available that could detect the presence of amoebas.
Learn more about meningitis, here.
Disclaimer
Hello Health Group does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
People Are Also Reading This
Comments
Share your thoughts
Be the first to let Hello Doctor know your thoughts!
Join Us or Log In to join the discussion