Heart valves ensure that the heart flows in one direction and doesn’t regurgitate (flow backward). However, the “aging pigment,” lipofuscin, accumulates in the heart as it ages. It causes the heart muscle cells to slightly deteriorate, affecting the heart’s valves. An increase in valve stiffness is a common cause of heart murmurs in older people.
Cholesterol plaque buildup can also be a cause of valvular heart disease in the elderly. In aging, valve degeneration is common and may involve multiple valves. This may result in valve stenosis or narrowing, which can also result in heart function decline. Valvular heart disease in the elderly is not just about backflow or stiffness of valve. Sometimes, problems in heart muscle and enlargement can cause valve problems/issues.
Blood Pressure Changes
As people age, their baroreceptors become less sensitive, which may help to explain why many older people experience orthostatic hypotension, a condition in which blood pressure drops when a person moves from lying down or sitting to standing. Orthostatic hypotension causes dizziness because there is less blood flowing through the body, so it is important to maintain a stable blood pressure when changing positions or engaging in other activities.
In general, most older people experience a moderate rise in blood pressure, with the main artery from the heart (the aorta) becoming thicker, stiffer, and less flexible. This is likely related to changes in the connective tissue of the blood vessel wall, which raises blood pressure and makes the heart work harder, possibly resulting in thickening of the heart muscle (hypertrophy).
Blood
As people age, their total body water declines. As a result, there is less fluid in the bloodstream, which results in a minor shift in blood volume.
Most white blood cells remain at the same levels. However, certain white blood cells important to immunity (neutrophils) decrease in number and their capacity to fight off bacteria, lowering the ability to resist infection. Red blood cells are produced more slowly in response to stress or illness, which causes a slower response to blood loss and anemia.
Common Heart Issues Related To Aging
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