When to seek consultation with a medical professional
Gross hematuria, visible blood or red-tinge in the urine, is a common sign that warrants medical attention.
Patients who develop this type of hematuria, usually seek medical care immediately. Because of this, doctors can make an early diagnosis.
Early detection increases the chances of successful treatment.
Microscopic hematuria, on the other hand, is blood in the urine detected by a healthcare professional via medical test.
Risk factors in the development of bladder cancer
The following are risk factors that increase the likelihood of development of bladder cancer in patients:
- Age – Bladder cancer is more commonly seen in the elderly. Around 9 out of 10 people with bladder cancer are over the age of 55.
- Race – Although more research is needed, current statistics state that Caucasians have the highest risk of developing bladder cancer compared to Blacks and Hispanics, while Asians have lower rates of bladder cancer.
- Gender – As mentioned earlier, bladder cancer affects men more often than women.
- Smoking – Smokers are 3 times more likely to develop bladder cancer. It is the cause of approximately half the cases of bladder cancers seen in both men and women.
- Workplace exposure to organic chemicals – Such as in rubber, leather, textiles, and paint producing factories.
- Schistosomiasis – The infection with Schistosoma haematobium or blood fluke is a well known risk factor in the development of bladder cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinomas.
- Chronic bladder irritation – this can be due to recurring urinary tract infections, kidney or bladder stones, or in patients with extended use of urinary catheters.
- Bladder Birth Defects – Exstrophy of the bladder, wherein the bladder and abdominal wall are fused together after fetal development.
- Cancer of the urothelial tract – Developing cancer at any part of the urinary tract, from the kidneys to the urethra, increases the risk of developing bladder cancer, even when treatment of the initial carcinoma is completed.
- Chemotherapy and radiation therapy – Long term exposure to chemotherapeutic medication and pelvic radiation therapy can increase the incidence of cancer development.
- Intake of nephrotoxic medications and herbal supplements – Drugs such as phenacetin and supplements containing aristolochic acid can increase the risk of bladder cancer.
- Hereditary conditions- Lynch syndrome, Cowden disease, Retinoblastoma gene mutation
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